Means for recording and reproducing sensorial effects



July 8, 1930. V w. 0. JAMES 1,759,954

MEANS FOR RECOR\QING AND REPRODUCING SENSORIAL EFFECTS Filed Oct. 20,1927 3 Sheets-Sheet l y 1930-. I I w. 0. JAMES 1,769,954

MEANS FOR RECORDING AND REPRODUCING SENSORIAL EFFECTS Filed Oct. 20,1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. J55 1Z5 WzZZace 0 Ja77Z6 ATToRNiYS.

July 8,1930. w. 0. (was 1,769,954

MEANS FOR RECORDING AND REPRQQUCING SENSORIAL EFFECTS Filed Oct. 20,1927' v 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Q" F" ,3. 64 i L61 I l I I Z9 INVENTOR. IWaZZate 0 Jamaal WMA TTORNEYS.

Patented July 8, 1930" PATENT" o FIc WALLACE 0. JAMES, or- CHICAGO,rumors MEANS .FOR RECORDING AND REPRODUCING SENSORIAL EFFECTSApplication filed October 20, 1927. Serial No. 227,403.

My invention relates to the art of reproducing sensorial effectsrecorded upon a rotatable disc, and although I have hereinafterdescribed my invention as applied to phonographic reproduction of son drecorded as an undulating groove forme in a rotatable record tablet ofthe disc type it will be apparent that the invention has a broaderapplication and is not limited to the grooved disc 14J method ofrecording and reproduction of Way of limitation, a process and anappara-- tus for reproducing sound on phonographic records but it shouldbe understood that, in the following specification, when I allude to theprocess and apparatus, and also to the disc record itself, as referringto a grooved record for recording and reproducing sounds, I am merelyusing this type of disc record illustratively and that the inventionisof broader scope and includes the recording and reproduction ofvothersensorial effects on rotatable discs.

The general nature of the art of recording and reproducing sounds from agrooved rec- 0rd tablet of the disc type is thought to be sufficientlywell understood to obviate the necessity of a detailed description ofthe technical aspects of the processes involved.

Briefly the process comprises forming a con- 'tinuous spiral grooveeither of constantly increasing or constantly decreasing radius ofcurvature in arecord disc. The groove is formed in a-matrix or masterrecord by rotating the matrix against a vibrating needle or stylus inwhich the vibrations are induced by the sounds to be recorded. Theneedle may be caused to vibrate vertically, in which case the soundrecord comprises a groove containing elevations and depressionscorresponding jtothe vibrations of the recorded sound, or

the needle may be vibrated to engrave a laterally undulating groove in.the matrix. The grooved matrix is then used as a pattern from which tomake duplicate records.

The sounds sorecorded-are then reproduced by moving the record grooveacross a reproducing element or stylusat the same relative spcedat whichthe groove was made. The stylus being vibrated by the indentations orsinuosities of the groovereproduces the recorded sounds. In reproducingapparatus heretofore provided, the record disc is rotated at constantspeed and consequently as the recording or the reproducing element movesfrom the circumference of the disc to- 55 ward the central portionsthereof or vice versa during the recording or reproducing process thesound recording or reproducing element has a relatively high linearspeed when at the circumference of the record disc, and a relatively lowlinear at the center of the record. I

The principal object of my present invention is the provision of aconvenient means for forming the record groove in a disc matrixatconstant linear speed and for reproducing the recorded sounds at aconstant linear speed of the reproducing element along the groove. Y

An important object of the invention is the provision of increasedrecord space efliciency which is provided by reproducing sounds atuniform record speed, for itis apparent that by decreasing the speed ofthe recording and reproducing element in the groove at the circumferenceof the record disc to the same rate of speed which prevails at thecentral portions, more sounds per inch of groove may be recorded on agiven record disc and the consequent saving in record disc material dueto the increased space efficiency of the record m will be readilyappreciated.

Another important ob 'ect of the invention is the reduction of thefrictional noises which usually distort the. reproduced sounds when thereproducing element travels at an unduly high speed along the groove.

, Another important object of the invention is the provision of a moreuniform tone during the reproduction 615 recorded sounds at preferredembodiments of my invention.

Referring to the drawings,

Fig. 1 is. a plan view of a phonographlc apparatus embodying myinvention;

Fig. 2 is aside elevation of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a" modified arrangement of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a phonographic apparatus embodying myinvention;

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a diagram of electrical connections for;1 the apparatusillustrated in Figures 4 an 5;

Fig. 7 is a plan view of a phonographic apparatus embodying myinvention;

Fig. 8 is a side view of the apparatus illus- 'trated in Fig. 7; and

Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary view as viewed from right'of-Fig. 3.

To illustrate my invention I have shown on the drawings a phonographicapparatus comprising a rotatable turn table 11 which com prises acircular platform, arranged in a horizontal plane and mounted upon asupporting column 15. The turn table 11 is adapted to support and rotatea demountable disc record Q 13, an end 25 of the column 15 extendingupwardly of the turn table to engage a centrally arranged aperture 26formed in the disc for the purpose of centering it on the turn table. Apivoted tone arm 19, carrying a reproducing element comprising adiaphragm 21 and a stylus 23 is arranged 'to swing over the turn table11. The pivoted tone arm 19, diaphragm 21 and stylus'23-comprise thestandard pick up mechanism at presentemployed in ordinary phonographs,but it will be apparent that my invention is not limited to the specificform of pick up illustrated and that the hollow tone arm maybe replacedby a solid pivoted arm'carrying the reproducing element of an electricpick up at its free end in place of the diaphragm 21 and stylus 23, orany other preferred mechanism for transposing the sinuosities of therecord groove into sensorial effects. I have illustrated the "devices'ofmy inventions as embodied in sound reproducing apparatus, but it will beapparent that-the devices may, by a. simple transposition, be embodiedin an apparatus for recording soundsupon a matrix and since the onlydifference between recording and reproducing apparatus resides in theprovision of a recording element in place of the reproducing element andof a mechanically driven tone arm in place of the free swinging tone arm19, and since neither change affects my present invention, adescriptionof the reproducing apparatus only, will be given.

The principle underlying my invention is that the speed of thereproducing stylus in the record groove shall be maintained at aconstant rate. To accomplish this it is necessary to rotate the recorddisc at a uniformly decreasing speed as the reproducing stylusapproaches the central portion of the record disc, and to accomplishthis purpose accurately and positively, I have provided and hereillustrate apparatus'of three distinct types glticlli I shall nowdescribe separately and in The friction drive apparatus In Figures 1, 2and 3 I have shown a variable speed friction drive in which rotatableturn table 11 is supported on the shaft15, which in turn is pivotallysupported in a pedestal bearing 16 arranged in a supporting frame 17.The tone arm 19 is mounted upon a pivot pin 24, which is suitablysupported-in the frame 17, being mounted in a pedestal 30, secured tothe frame. A bracket 27 is also pivoted on the pin 24 immediatelybeneath the tone arm 19, the bracket having a'bearing 29, which engagesthe pin 24. The pedestal 30, provides a support for maintaining thebearing 29 in arranged position upon the pin. The bracket 27 is arrangedto swingbeneath the turn table 11, while the tone arm 19 swingsthereover and the tone arm, having bearing engagement on the upper edgeof the bearing 29, is supported in place thereby. A friction wheel 41,mounted on a stub shaft 39 carrying a gear 43, is supported in the freeend of the bracket'beneath the turn tableand has driving engagement withthe under side thereof, shaft 39 having bearing engagement in a journal37 formed in the bracket. The gear 43 is driven by another gear 45mounted on the end of a counter shaft 35 journaled in bearings 31 and 33arranged respectively at the free and pivoted end of the bracket 27..The shaft 35 is driven by a pinion 47 mounted thereon adj acent. thebearing 33. The pinion 47 engages and is driven by a gear 49 rotatablymounted upon the pivot pin 24, a portion of the bearing 29 being cutaway at 52 to uncover the gear 49 and permit driving engagement betweengears '49 and 47. Gear 49 is in turn driven bya gear 51 mounted ona maindrive shaft 53 journaled,.adjacent gear 51, in a bearing 55,

and having a governor 57 arranged thereon to maintain constant drivingspeed. I 'provide suitable means for detachably locking the tone arm 19and the bracket 27 together for rotation about their pivots. These meansin the illustrated embodiment comprise an axially moveable latch pin 61,carrying a radial pin 64 adapted to engage a cam slot '62 formed in thetone arm, adapted to project downwardly into a socket 63 formed in thebearing 29. The reaction of the pin in the slot 62 provides the axiallocking movement of the latch pin 61, upon rotation of the latch pin 61a knurled head 59 being provided to facilitate manual operation of thelatch pin 61. When the tone arm and bracket are so locked together, thefriction drive wheel 41 engages the turn table 11 at a point verticallyunder the point on the record disc 13 at which the stylus 23 engages thegroove. As the stylus 23 approaches the central portions of the disc,the bracket 27, being locked to the tone arm, is moved thereby so thatthe friction drive wheel 41 also moves towards the central portion ofthe turn table, having engagement with the turn table at all timesimmediately beneath the stylus. Since the drive wheel is driven atconstant speed through the counter shaft 35, from the contable 11.

' table to the drive stant speed drive shaft 53, the relative speedbetween the needle 23 and the record 13 remains constant at alltimes.

In the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 3, a friction disc 71is-arranged on the column 15 beneaththe turn table 11 and the frictionwheel has driving engagement with this disc instead of directly with theturn This arrangement provides constant linear stylus speed since at alltimes the distance from the axis of rotation of the turn wheel and tothe stylus is constant. 1

In order that records made in the ordinary way may be used in theapparatus of my invention, I have provided for locking the bracket 27against rotation on the pin 24, in order that the turn table may bedriven at constant speed. This is accomplished'by means of a lug 67,formed on the pivoted portion 29, of. the bracket which has an apertureinto which a pin 65 may be projected. The pin 65, is slidably mounted inan offset portion of the pedestal 30 and is operated by a cam de vice 69adapted to project and retract the pin from engagement in the lug 67.When the bracket 27 is so locked against rotation about the pin 24,'thetonearm 19 may be released by rotating the shaft 61 in order to withdrawthe tip 63 thereof from engagement in the aperture 64 and so to releasethe tone arm 19 for 'free pivotal engagement on the pin 24.

The electrically controlled apparatus In Figures 4, 5 and 6 of thedrawing I have shown a combination mechanical and electrical device formaintaining constant the linear motionfof the. stylus in the recordgroove. The turn table is mounted upon a rotatable drive shaft 15, whichis connected prises a hollow tube pivoted at one end and having a freeend arranged to swing across the upper face of the turn table, ispivoted on a pedestal 30 supported upon the frame 17 of the phonographicapparatus, and a sound reproducing diaphragm 21 and stylus 23 issuitably secured at the swinging end of the tone arm and is carried inposition to engage the groove of a record disc-.13 demountably carriedby the turn table., Beneath the i turn table 13, a worm wheel is securedupon the shaft 15 and engages a worm 113. The worm is mounted on a shaft111 suitably journaled or otherwise rotatably supported in the frame 17of the phonograph apparatus. Shaft 111 carries a governor 108,comprising two separable weights 100 mounted upon leaf springs 102 theopposed ends of which are secured respectively to a collar 104 formed onthe shaft 111, and tea bearing 106 cmbracing and slidably mounted ontheshaftlll. A coil spring 109 is arranged about the shaft between thecollar and the bushing in order to urge the weights of the governortogether as closely as possible. A friction disc #107 is formed integralwith the bushing 106. As the speed of the turn table increases under thedriving action of the motor'attached to the shaft 15, the governor shaft111 is rotated by the worm and wheel drive 113 and 115, and thecentrifugal action of the governor causes the Weights 100 to separate. 1This draws the bushing 106 and the friction disc along the shaft 111toward the collar 104 against the resilient tension of the leaf springs102 and the coil spring 109. A brake shoe, comprising a small frictionpad mounted on a brake arm 101, which in turn forms a part of a bellcrank pivoted at 103 and having an outwardly extending operating arm112, is arranged to engage the adjusted by manipulating the operatingarm' 112 of the bell crank.

In performing my invention, it is necessary to regulate the governor insuch a way as to uniformly accelerate the rotation. of

the turn table as the recording stylus 23 approaches the central portionof the record disc 13. I have accomplished this by means of areversibleelectric, motor, comprising two solenoids and 119 having cores 118 andof the bell crank, the other arm of which ennected by gages the governordisc 107.' Rotation of the shaft 91 in one direction regulates thegovernor allowing the turn table speed to increase, and, vice-versa,rotation of" the shaft 91 in the opposite directi n tightens. thegovernor brake and allows'b aking to occur at a lower turn table speedthus slowing up the turn table. The shaft 91 is rotated by move-. mentof the rack 121 which is driven by one or the other of the solenoids117, 119 excitation of which is accomplished by completing a solenoidexciting circuit fed from a direct current supply source, indicated bythe line wires 123 and 125, through a ,balanced relay, the armature 131of which is connected through a wire 133 to line wire 125 and is adaptedto complete (the solenoid exciting circuit by making contact with one orother of the contacts 135and 137 which are conwires 139 and 141respectively to an end of the other ends are connected through wire145'to the live wire 123. The balanced relay comprises an exciting coil127, a core 129 and a movable armature 131 arranged to travel betweenthe contacts 135 and 137 and contact with one or other -,a ccording asthe relay coil is excited with opposing polarities, that is to say, ifthe coil is excited in one direction the armature will connect with onecontact and when excited in the other direction a connection will'bemade with the other contact and 'when the coil is not excited the relaywill be balanced, the armature connecting with neither contact.

The excitation of the relay coil is accomplished from the direct currentline wires through similar, difii'erentiall operating, potentiometers 80and 90, the ormer of WhlCll is operated by movement of the tone arm 19,the latter beingv controlled by the rotations of the rod 91. Thepotentiometers 80 comprise, respectively, resistance coils 82 and 92,respectively arranged peripherally in circular support frames 85 and 95,which are respectively secured to the frame of the phonograph, andslide'contacts 83 and 93 secured respectively to drive rods 91 and 81.The

slide contacts are adapted to contact progressively along the resistanceelements of the potentiometers and are connected by wires 86 and 96 tothe opposite ends of the coil 127.

The potentiometer coils are connected between the wires 123 and 125 ofthe direct ourthe solenoidcoils 119 and 117,-

and 90,,

rent supply line and it will be apparent that while the slides 83 and 93occupy the same relative positions along the resistanceelements 82 and92, there will be no difference in potential between the contacts 83 and93 and hence the relay will be in balance. As soon as the relativepositions of the contacts are not the same, a difference of potentialoccurs between the contacts, the coil 127 is excited and the armature131 makes contact with one or other of the contacts 135, 137 dependingon whether the position of the contact 83 on the coil'82 is leading orlagging,

with respect to the position of the'contaot 93 on the coil 92.

' The potentiometer 90, being operated by the shaft 91' the position ofthe slide 93, is consequently regulated by the governor adjustment, thatis to say, by the speed at which the turn table is driven.- Theotentiometer 80, being operated by the sha rotated by a pinion, 79mounted thereon and driven by a gear 77, formed on a flange7 5 arrangedat the base of the tone arm 19, is consequently regulated by theposition of the toil? arm with respect to the center of the turn ta e.

As the turn table rotates, the stylus 23 moves toward the centerportions ofthe record, the tone arm 19 swings about its pivot and theslide contact 83 moves across the resistance 82 of the potentiometer 80and causes a difference of potential between the contact 83 and 93 whichallows a current to flow through the coil 127 of the balanced relay.This current magnetizes the core 129 which draws the armature 131 intocontact with one of the contact points 135 or 137 thus exciting one ofthe solenoids 117 and 119 which moves the rack 121 and drives the pinion97 which rotates the shaft 91. Rotation of the shaft 91, operatingthrough the collar 99 .and the crank 101, releases the governor andallows the turn table speed to increase. I At the same time, therotation of the shaft 91 moves the contact 93. across the resistancecoil 82 of 81 which is the potentiometer 90 until the potentialdifference between the contacts 82 and 92 becomes zero, and the currentthrough the coil '127 of the balanced relay ceases, at which time therelay armature swings to a neutral position, movement of the shaft 91ceases.

ing position and thus to readjust the governor setting to correspondtothe position of the tone arm19.

The mechanically) controlled apparatus In Figures 7 and 8- in thedrawings, I have shown a phonographic apparatus, including a turn tableand swinging tone arm 19. The turn table is supported on a shaft 15which is driven from any motive device adapted to rotate the turn tableat a variable speed, and a governor 108, having a friction disc 107 andbeing otherwise similar in construction and operation to the governorpreviously described in connection with the electrically controlledapparatus, is driven from the shaft 15 through the worm, 113 and wormWheel 115. I

In the present embodiment, the'governor is controlled by applying thebrake by means of a brake applying mechanism operated by the movement ofthe tone arm. The brake comprises a pad 110 mounted upon an offset armportion of a'member 171 pivoted at 17 3 ratus. The brake is adjusted bymoving the member 171 about. its pivot point by means of a connectinglink 167 which links the member 171-to a cam following member 155slideably secured in a bearing 160 mounted in the frame 17 of theapparatus, means, comprising a set screw 163, being provided for movingthe support lon itudinally in its hearing. The member 155 is provided,at

its upper end, with a cam'following roller 153 adapted to engage a camslot 151 formed in an offset portion 150 of the tone arm 19. Uponrotation of the tone arm toward the center of the turn table during thereproduction of a.sound record, the cam slot 151 allows the upper end ofthe lever 155 to move outwards and this movement is transmitted throughthe connection link 167 and releases the brake and allows the turn tablespeed to increase, the brake releasing force being the centrifugalaction of the governor which causes a continual pressure to be exertedby the friction disc 107 upon the brake pad 110 as long as'the motordrives the turn table.

vWhen the tone arm is returned to the circumference of the turntable,-the cam slot draws the lever 155 which, operating through thelinkl67 and the lever 171, applies the brake member 110 and retards theturn table speed. By moving-the slide support 159 bodily to change theposition of the pivoted end 157 of the cam following lever, the linearspeed arm will not alfect the brake adjustment. A

stop 165'formed on the slide 159 is adapted to limit the brakingmovement of the cam follower 155.

on a support 30, the tone arm, by means of appropriate guideways andsupporting means therefor together with driving means therefor, suchasthe standard worm feed drive used inthe present recording machines, isarranged to move bodily so that the stylus in its engagement with-thegroove will not drag against the walls of the groove. In thisconstruction, since the tone arm is moved progressively and continuouslyby means of any appropriate driving mechanism, this will eliminate africtional drag on the stylus itself. With regard to the means forbodily shifting the tone arm transversely across the disc, this positivefeed of the tone arm across the disc, contemplates means similar to thatshown in the present constructions herein illustrated-for increasing thespeed of motion of the disc by means of the stylus itself so that as thestylus is approaching the center of the disc, the speed of the disc willalso increase, this corresponds to the operation of the otherconstructions hereinbefore described. It. will be understood that inFigures 1 to 3 and 7 and 8 of the drawings, when the device is used forrecording, the tone arm is positively fed by the usual worm feed knownin the art.

Itwill be apparent that the invention is not limited to the phonographicrecording and reproduction of sound from grooved discs, but therecordmay take other forms than a groove such as an undulating lineformed photographically upon a sensitized disc, or a record of othersensorial effects than sound 7 may be made, such as, for instance, arecord comprising a series of pictorial views; comprising a movingpicture when reproduced rapidly,- and Ido not limit myself to theembodiment herein described which is merely employed as a convenientmedium for the purpose of illustration, it being apparent that theunderlying invention may be applied in various forms without departingfrom its spirit or scope.

Having thus described my inventon, what I claim as new and wish tosecure by Letters Patent is: I

1. A phonographic apparatus, comprising, a record discsupport means, atone arm mounted adjacentsaid support means and arranged to swingthereover, and means for rotating said support means, said meanscomprisinga friction disc, a pivoted support member swinging across saidfriction disc, a friction drive wheel carried by said support-- ingmeans in position to engage said friction ing'said disc, and pivotedmeans disc, means for moving said friction wheel radially across saidfriction disc to vary the driven speed thereof, said wheel moving meansbeing operated by said tone arm.

2. A phonographic apparatus, comprising, a horizontal record discturntable, a tone arm pivotally mounted adjacent said turn table andarranged to swing in'a horizontal plane, means for driving said turntable, comprising a friction disc, a friction wheel drivsaid frictionwheel in driving position, said means engaging said' tone arm.

3. A phonographic apparatus including a horizontal record disc turntable, a tone arm mounted adjacent saidturn table and ar-'- ranged toswing in a horizontal plane, means for driving said turn table,comprising a friction disc, a friction wheel engaging said turn table, amovable support bracket for means for locking said bracket and saidtone' arm against relative rotation.

5. The combination, in a' phonographic' sound re producer, of ahorizontal record disc turn table, a tone arm pivoted adjacent said turntable and arranged to swing in a hori-- zontal plane over said turntable, means for driving said table, comprising a friction discvarranged to rotate with. the turn table, a

friction wheel arranged to engage the lower surface of saidfrictiondisc, means for supporting said drive wheel in driving position,comprising, a pivoted bracket having a' common axis of rotation withsaid tone arm and arranged to swing beneath said turn table, means forlocking said bracket and said tone arm-to prevent relative motiontherebetween,or to swing together.

' 6. The combination, in a phonographic sound zreproducer, of a recorddisk turn table, a tone arm pivoted adjacent said turn table andarranged to swing over said turn table, means" for driving said tablecomprising a friction disc arranged for rotation with the turn table, 'afriction wheel arranged to engage the'lower surface of said frictiondisc, means for supporting said drive wheel in driving positioncomprising a pivoted brackct,.said bracket of rotation with said tonearm and arranged to swing across the friction beneath said turn table,means carrying ing the friction wheel at a constant speed,

for detachably locking said bracket and said tone arm to swing together.

7. The combination, in a phonographic "sound reproducer, of a recorddisc turn table, a. tone arm pivoted adjacent said turn table andarranged to swing over said turntable, and means for driving saidturntable, comprising a friction disc and a friction .Wheel havingdriving engagement with said friction disc, means for supporting saiddrive wheel in. driving" position, comprising, a pivoted bracket, saidbracket and said tonearm having a common axisof rotation, means fordetachably securing said bracket and said tone arm together to preventrelative rotation therebetween, and means for detachably locking saidbracket arm against rotation on its pivot.

8. The combination, ]in a phonographic sound reproducer. of a recorddisc turn table, a tone arm pivoted adjacent said turn table andarranged to swing over said turn table, a friction disc secured to saidturn table, a

friction drive wheel having driving engagement with said friction disc,and means con trolled by said tone arm for moving said friction wheelradially with respect to said friction disc.

'9. A phonographic apparatus comprising a record disc, means forsupporting the record disc, a tone arm mounted to swing across saidrecord disc, means for rotating said record disc comprising a frictiondisc, a friction wheel support arm pivotally mounted to swing across thefriction disc, a friction wheel arranged to frictionally engage thefriction disc, and guided by the support arm across the friction disc,and means for driving the friction wheel at a constant speed.

. 10. A phonographic apparatus comprising a record disc, means forsupporting the record disc, a tone arm mounted to swing across saidrecord disc, means for rotating said record disc comprising a frictiondisc, a friction wheel support arm pivotally mounted. to swing acrossthe friction disc, a friction wheel arranged to frictionally engage thefriction. disc, and guided by the support arm across the friction disc,and means for drivsaid tone arm and said wheel support being mountedco-axially for rotation and having means whereby said tone arm and saidwheel support may be caused to rotate together whereby the movement ofthe tone arm across the record disc may control the friction wheel withrespect to the friction disc.

11. A phonographic apparatus comprising means for supporting a record'disc, a tone arm mounted to swing across the record disc,

means for rotating the record disc comprising a friction disc, afriction wheel making driving connection with the friction disc, amovable guide support for the wheel and means for regulatingthc movementof the guide support in response I means for supporting a record disc,

.inga

the guide support in response .means for rotating a pick up guidesupport in response to the'movement of the tone arm and means forrotating the friction wheel.

12. A phonographic apparatus comprising means for supporting a recorddisc, a tone arm mounted to swing across the record disc, means forrotating the record disc comprising a friction disc co-axially arrangedwith respect to the record disc, a friction wheel making drivingconnection with the friction disc, a movable guide support for the wheeland means for regulating the movement of to the movement of the tone armand means for rotating the friction wheel. o

13. A phonographic apparatus comprising means for supportinga recorddisc, a tone arm mounted to swing across the record disc, means forrotating he record disc comprising a friction disc, a friction, wheelmaking driving connection with the friction disc, a movable guidesupport for the wheel and means for regulating the movement of the tothe movement of the tone arm and means for rotating the frictionwheel,said guide support and said tone arm having a common axisof'rotation.

14. A phonographic apparatus comprising a tone arm mounted to swingacross the record disc, means for rotating the record disccomprisriction disc co-axially arranged with respect to the record disc,a friction wheel making driving connection with the friction disc, amovable guide support for the wheel and means for. regulating themovement of the guide support in response to the movement of the tonearm and means for rotating the friction wheel, said guide support andsaid tone arm having a common axis of retation.

15. A phonographic apparatus comprising means for rotatably supporting arecord disc, means for supporting a pick up device in position to movealong a pre-determined path substantially radially of the record disc,

the record disc comprising a friction disc mounted for co-axial rotationwith the record disc support means, means causing therecord disc andfriction disc to rotate together, a friction drive wheel, means forsupporting the drive "wheel in po- :to move across the friction discalong a predetermined path registering point for point with thecorresponding path of the pick up device across the record disc.

17. A phonographic apparatus comprising means for rotatably supporting arecord disc, a pick up device and means for supporting the device inposition to move across the record disc along a substantially radialpre-determined path, a friction drive device for rotating the recorddisc comprising a rotatable friction disc, driving connections betweenthe friction disc and the.record disc support means, a friction drivewheel, means for rotating the drive wheel and means for supporting thedrive wheel in position to fric; tionally engage in the friction discalong a substantially radial line and means for controlling the positionof the drive wheel. with respect to the friction disc as a function ofthe position 'of the pick up device with respect to the rec- WALLACE 0.JAMES.

sition making driving engagements upon the friction d1sc, and means forcausing the drive wheel to move along a predetermined path substantiallyradially of the friction disc, and registering-point for point with thecorresponding path of the pick up device across the record disc.

16-. A phonographic apparatus comprising means for rotatably supportin arecord disc, device supported in position to move across the recorddisc. along a re-determined path, means for rotatingt e-record disccomprising afriction disc, means the friction disc at points

